Description

From non-human animal models, we learn that the maternal caregiving environment programs neuroendocrine development in the offspring and predicts adult patterns of caregiving behavior. Likewise, human patterns of attachment appear, to a large extent, to be transmitted across generations. Over the past several years, the Attachment and Neurodevelopment Lab at Baylor College of Medicine has explored mechanisms by which this transmission may occur in human mothers, examining maternal brain, endocrine and behavioral responses to infant cues. We have shown how a mother’s own childhood attachment experience, measured using the Adult Attachment Interview, predicts dopamine-related reward activation in the brain in response to infant cues. Furthermore, a mother's attachment strategy is related to release of the hormone, oxytocin into the blood stream. Her oxytocin response is associated with measures of adult temperament; with higher responses associated with more social attunement and mood sensitivity; but less compulsive and task-oriented behavior. Mothers’ attachment strategies are also linked with infant directed behavior and the development of infant attachment. Thus, the intergenerational transmission of attachment in humans appears to be mediated by maternal brain, endocrine and behavioral responses.

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