The Johns Hopkins Hospital is the teaching hospital and biomedical research facility of Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, located in Baltimore, Maryland, United States. It was founded using money from a bequest by philanthropist Johns Hopkins. The Johns Hopkins Hospital and the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine are the founding institutions of modern American medicine and are the birthplace of numerous traditions including rounds, residents and housestaff. Many medical specialties were formed at the Johns Hopkins Hospital, including neurosurgery, by Harvey Cushing; cardiac surgery by Alfred Blalock; pediatrics and child psychiatry, by Leo Kanner.